Both pickling and passivation are intended to remove surface contaminates and improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Pickling utilizes aggressive acids (usually a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acid) to dissolve heavy scale, weld oxides and other surface contaminates. Passivation solutions (citric, phosphoric or nitric acid) are not as aggressive and are not intended or capable of dissolving heavy scale and surface oxides. Passivation is generally a cleaner and more controlled process, with parameters defined by ASTM standards. Thus pickling is used prior to or in lieu of passivation when the material has heavy contaminates or oxides.

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